Save energy at home

Energy conservation plays a key role in preventing environmental disasters. The problem of reasonable use of energy is one of the most pressing problems of humanity. The modern economy is based on the use of energy resources whose reserves are depleted and cannot be renewed.

Every family has some impact on the environment. It's like I'm connected to a single life support system. Through the channels of this system (electrical and heating networks, water supply, gas pipelines), through commercial, household, utility, supply organizations and companies, we receive everything necessary for the normal maintenance of a home . And my family is no exception. If each person takes care of the use of natural resources, saves energy and water and reduces the use of disposable packaging materials, they will contribute to preventing a global environmental catastrophe.

Taking my family as an example, I decided to carry out a study on saving energy consumption at home. My project helped me consciously move towards conserving resources in the house, saving money on paying for consumed resources, improving my life and achieving greater comfort.

The problem of energy saving is relevant not only for my family, school, region, country, but also for the whole world. Saving energy allows you to reduce your own costs and have a lower impact on the environment. It helps to create a culture of energy saving: this is, first of all, training in practical actions, in particular, in the rational consumption of electricity, the use of new technologies and the use of energy-efficient household appliances and electric lamps.

Objective of the project: Learn how to use electricity in everyday life with maximum benefit and minimum cost.

Project objectives:

• Talk about the use of electricity in everyday life, why it is necessary to save it and what methods can be used to do so.
• In the research part of the project, fill out the energy passport of the apartment, measure and analyze energy consumption.
• Determine measures to reduce energy costs.
• The topic of the research is energy saving in everyday life.

Research Hypothesis: I can assume that my family can feasibly contribute to energy savings and therefore save planet Earth.

Main part

Energy savings at home

What do we understand by energy savings? Energy saving is a set of measures to conserve and rationally use electricity and heat. Energy conservation has become one of the priority tasks of human beings due to the scarcity of basic energy resources, the increasing cost of their production, as well as global environmental problems.

Every year, the production of fuel and energy costs a person more and more, while people begin to clearly realize that senseless waste of energy and, in particular, electricity or improper use of energy devices not only is immoral, but also Hits the pocket, and the further away, the more seriously.

Therefore, the fundamental principle of a modern house is energy saving. Unfortunately, we rarely think about how and how much energy we spend to solve specific problems. We often use too much energy when we could save it.

From January 1, 2011, in accordance with this law, a complete ban on the circulation of incandescent lamps with a power exceeding 100 W was introduced. And since 2014, a complete ban on the circulation of lamps with a power of more than 100 W has been introduced. power greater than 25 W.

Why save energy?

You need to save energy to reduce your harmful impact on the environment. Unfortunately, no one can achieve energy savings simply by pressing a button or switch. Of course, it is possible to completely disconnect the electricity supply, but how long can a person live in an apartment without power? This is unlikely to suit anyone. Therefore, the question of how to save energy at home is of great concern to everyone, including me. But energy costs are also rising for another reason: people have more and more electrical appliances in their apartments and houses. Consequently, the load on transformer substations increases, which more often have to be repaired or more powerful ones installed. Energy saving is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly "source" of energy. This is an approach to saving energy based on the use of energy-saving technologies designed to reduce energy losses.

Ways to save energy

Each family is fully capable of reducing home electricity consumption by almost half without significantly harming human comfort, if they learn a number of useful rules and systematically implement them. The most effective method is to replace incandescent lamps with low-consumption fluorescent or LED lamps.

Equipment that is in standby mode and that is not used for a long time must be turned off (computer, TV, charger, microwave oven, etc. ). It is advisable to use the washing machine at maximum load.

You should make it a rule to turn off the lamp or chandelier when you leave the room for an extended period of time. Boil only the necessary amount of water in the electric kettle and descale it periodically.

Clean your vacuum cleaner's dust container more frequently. Turn on the air conditioning with the windows and doors tightly closed.

If you are away for a long time or are leaving, turn off all electrical appliances except the refrigerator.

Desks and computers should be located so that they make the most of natural light.

I believe that if the rules developed for saving energy are followed for a certain time, the invented ways of saving will become a habit for the family. That's why there's an energy-saving sticker on the refrigerator and every switch has a warning sign that my sister and I drew for our house.

research part

The number of appliances in our home is constantly increasing, as are our electricity bills. And this is not surprising, because 6 other people live in the house with me. A very urgent question for us is: how to save energy in our home? And I began my experiments. The first thing I did was create an energy passport for my house. Secondly, I looked at how much electricity we use when we lead a normal life and do not particularly monitor energy saving. And thirdly, I set a condition at home for two weeks: save money and not waste electricity. After analyzing all the data, I suggested to my dad that he replace the lamps in some rooms of our house with energy-efficient ones.

Energy passport of my home

I analyzed the energy consumption in the house and then compiled a table of appliances with the indicated power and a table of lighting lamps for all rooms in the house.

Table of most used appliances in our home:

No.	Device Name	Power consumption, watts
1	Washing machine	2300
2	vacuum cleaner	2100
3	Fridge	400
4	Microwave	1500
5	Food processor	1200
6	grill oven	1300
7	Blender	750
8	television 1	67
9	television 2	80
10	television 3	80
eleven	Hair dryer	2000

Table of lighting lamps for all rooms in our house:

Type of room	Lamp type	type of lamps	Power, W
1st floor
Living room	Ceiling	LED	9 width x 2 = 18 width
Kitchen	Ceiling	LED	11 width x 12 = 132 width
Bathroom	Ceiling	LED	9 width x 5 = 45 width
Runner	Lamp	Saving energy	11 width x 1=11 width
Pantry	Chandelier	Saving energy	11 width x 1=11 width
2nd floor
Room 1	Chandelier	Saving energy	11 width x 3 = 33 width
	Desk lamp	Saving energy	11 width x 2 = 22 width
Room 2	Ceiling	LED	11 width x 4 = 44 width 9 width x 1 = 9 width
Room 3	Chandelier	Luminescent	36 width x 1=36 width
Room 4	Chandelier	Saving energy	11 width x 3 = 33 width
Runner	Lamp	Luminescent	36 width x 1=36 width

The table shows that among household appliances, the washing machine has the highest energy consumption, followed by the vacuum cleaner and the hair dryer, although the latter is not used as frequently.

Measurement and analysis of energy consumption.

The objective of the experiment was to calculate the cost of the electrical energy consumed. The first period is normal consumption, the second period is savings.

date	Meter reading at the beginning of the week.	Meter reading at the end of the week.	Electrical consumtion kW/hour	Price rub.
from 08. 10 to 22. 10. 2017	5117	5324	207	730. 71
from 10/23 to 11/06/2017	5340	5501	161	568. 33

The adopted rate is: 1 kW/h - 3 rubles 53 kopecks.

Thus, the table shows that in two weeks of economical electricity consumption, our family received162 rubles 38 kopecks.

I have seen in practice that electricity is wasted if appliances are plugged in but not used, or if appliances are in standby mode.

During the work my hypothesis was confirmed. We found ways to save electricity, however, family members found it difficult to save electricity all the time, except for the older generation (grandparents). That is why at this stage energy saving is not a habit for our family, but for now only an experiment condition.

I think that if you follow the rules developed for saving energy for a certain time, the invented ways of saving will become a habit for our family.

Save the family budget

I decided to calculate how much energy was wasted if appliances were on but not in use. Knowing the power of the devices, I was able to calculate how much electricity is used when the TVs are on (and we have three! ) when not in use. If televisions are turned on and not used for only 2 hours a day, they consume 13. 8 kWh of energy per month. Over the course of a year, this will amount to 165. 6 kW/h, and in some cases this time interval is longer and on average 6 hours, thus consuming energy up to 41. 4 kW/h, and in the over the course of a year – 496. 8 kW/hour. For a family budget, this ranges from 49 rubles to 146 rubles per month. Per year this will be, respectively, from 585 rubles to 1754 rubles. We decided this is a significant savings for our large family!

And one more experiment. Measurement of energy costs when the equipment is in standby mode.

I unplugged the cord from the refrigerator and turned off the light. The appliances remained on in standby mode: televisions, washing machine, microwave oven, charger. I watched the meter readings: in 4 minutes the meter disk made one revolution. I made a calculation: 4 minutes -1 revolution, 1 hour - 15 revolutions. If the standby mode is 20 hours per day, the power consumption can be up to 180 kW/hour per year.

Conclusion: The energy audit showed that the total electricity consumption in the apartment per day was just over 8 kW/h, which corresponds to a monthly electricity consumption of approximately 240-250 kW/h. All calculations were carried out in autumn, when maximum energy consumption occurs due to short daylight hours. Additionally, I discovered that electrical appliances that are turned on but not used, or used in standby mode, consume a large amount of energy. This means that by turning them off, you can reduce energy costs and save your family's budget.

Conclusion

In the process of preparing the project, I not only studied and analyzed the data obtained as a result of measurements and experiments, but also took the initiative to replace outdated incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps, demonstrating their advantages. Currently my apartment is fully equipped with LED and low consumption lamps.

This is the simplest thing you can do to save energy for a single family, anyone can do it.

Now imagine that we manage to reduce electricity consumption by 100 W. This means that we have saved:

• coal - 48 kilograms
• oil - 33 liters
• gas - 35 cubic meters.

The study showed that if you use appliances correctly, use energy-saving light bulbs and do not leave appliances on standby, you can really reduce energy costs in the family and save the family budget.

Thus, by studying the question of how to save electricity and implementing various energy-saving methods, we also take care of future generations who will live on our planet.